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Types of Fuel Cells




 


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Types of Fuel Cells




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    Types of Fuel Cells
    Fuel Cell Name Electrolyte Qualified Power (W) Working Temperature (°C) Electrical efficiency Status Cost per Watt
    Metal hydride fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution (e.g.potassium hydroxide) ? above -20
    (50% Ppeak @ 0°C)    		 ? Commercial/Research
    Electro-galvanic fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution (e.g., potassium hydroxide) ? under 40 ? Commercial/Research
    Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) Polymer membrane (ionomer) to 50 W under 40 ? Commercial/Research
    Zinc-air battery Aqueous alkaline solution (e.g., potassium hydroxide) ? under 40 ? Mass production
    Microbial fuel cell Polymer membrane or humic acid ? under 40 ? Research
    Upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC) ? under 40 ? Research
    Reversible fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) ? under 50 ? Commercial/Research
    Direct borohydride fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide) ? 70 ? Commercial
    Alkaline fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution (e.g., potassium hydroxide) 10 kW to 100 kW under 80 Cell: 60–70%
    System: 62%    		 Commercial/Research
    Direct methanol fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) 100 kW to 1 MW 90–120 Cell: 20–30%
    System: 10–20%    		 Commercial/Research
    Reformed methanol fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) 5 W to 100 kW (Reformer)250–300
    (PBI)125–200    		 Cell: 50–60%
    System: 25–40%    		 Commercial/Research
    Direct-ethanol fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) up to 140 mW/cmē above 25
    ? 90–120    		 ? Research
    Direct formic acid fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) ? 25+ ? Research
    Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) (e.g., Nafion or Polybenzimidazole fiber) 100 W to 500 kW (Nafion)50–120
    (PBI)125–220    		 Cell: 50–70%
    System: 30–50%    		 Commercial/Research
    RFC - Redox Liquid electrolytes with redox shuttle & polymer membrane (Ionomer) 1 kW to 10 MW ? ? Research
    Phosphoric acid fuel cell Molten phosphoric acid (H3PO4) up to 10 MW 150-200 Cell: 55%
    System: 40%
    Co-Gen: 90%    		 Commercial/Research $4-$4.50 per watt
    Molten carbonate fuel cell Molten alkaline carbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) 100 MW 600-650 Cell: 55%
    System: 47%    		 Commercial/Research
    Tubular solid oxide fuel cell (TSOFC) O2--conducting ceramic oxide (e.g., zirconium dioxide, ZrO2) up to 100 MW 850-1100 Cell: 60–65%
    System: 55–60%    		 Commercial/Research
    Protonic ceramic fuel cell H+-conducting ceramic oxide ? 700 ? Research
    Direct carbon fuel cell Several different ? 700-850 Cell: 80%
    System: 70%    		 Commercial/Research
    Planar Solid oxide fuel cell O2--conducting ceramic oxide (e.g., zirconium dioxide, ZrO2 Lanthanum Nickel Oxide La2XO4,X= Ni,Co, Cu.) up to 100 MW 850-1100 Cell: 60–65%
    System: 55–60%    		 Commercial/Research
    This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia Encyclopedia article "Fuel Cell"

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