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300 BC: Reflection of light from smooth surfaces: Euclid (325-265 BC), Ancient Greek mathematician (Optica). 1021: Theory of Vision: vision takes place by light entering the eye and not vice versa: Alhazen (965 - 1040 AD), Persian Muslim scientist and polymath, (Book of Optics). 1284: Eyeglasses (disputed): Salvino D'Armate (1258-1312), Italian. 1300s: Eyeglasses: Introduced eyeglasses: Alessandro di Spina (died 1313), Italian. 1550: Camera obscura with bi-convex lens: Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576), Italian mathematician and physician. 1590: Compound Microscope: Hans and Zacharias Janssen, Dutch spectacle-makers. 1608: Telescope: Hans Lippershey (1570-1619), Dutch eyeglass maker. 1621: Refractive index: Willebrord Snell (1580-1626), Dutch mathematician. 1668: Reflecting telescope: Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727), English physicist and mathematician. 1676: Single lens microscope: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), Dutch tradesman and scientist. 1704: Spectrum of light prism experiments: Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727), English physicist, mathematician. 1729: Achromatic Lens: Chester Moore Hall (1703 - 1771), British lawyer and inventor. 1750: Lighthouse lenses: Georges de Buffon (1707-1788), French naturalist and mathematician. 1804: Wave nature of light: double slit experiment: Thomas Young (1773 - 1829), English polymath. 1816: Kaleidoscope: David Brewster (1781-1868), Scottish physicist. 1823: Fresnel lens: Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827), French engineer. 1825: Astigmatism: correcting eyeglasses using cylindrical lens: George Biddell Airy (1801-1892), English mathematician and astronomer. 1839: Photovoltaic effect: Alexandre Becquerel (1820 - 1891), French physicist. 1840s: Lens production: Carl Zeiss (1816-1888), German maker of optical instruments. 1850: Speed of light measurement and demonstration that the velocity of light is a constant: Armand Hippolyte Fizeau (1819-1896), French physicist. 1861: Light as a form of electromagnetic radiation: Maxwell's equations: James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879), Scottish physicist and mathematician. 1874: Refractometer: Ernst Abbe (1840 - 1905), German mathematician and physicist. 1884: Mechanical Television (Nipkow scanning disk): Paul Nipkow (1860-1940), German engineer and inventor. 1887: Photoelectric effect: Heinrich Hertz (1857 - 1894), German physicist. 1888: Hand-Held Camera: George Eastman (1854-1932), American inventor. 1899: Quantum theory of energy: exchange of energy between light and matter only occurs in discrete amounts - quanta: Max Planck (1858-1947), German physicist. 1925: Leica camera lens: Max Berek (1886-1949), German physicist and mathematician. 1938: Electron microscope: Ernst Ruska (1906-1988), German physician and biologist. Optics Biographies (Opticists) Michelson-Morley experiment proved the non-existence of ether Pioneers in the Optical Sciences - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Timeline of Electromagnetism and Classical Optics - Wikipedia An Anecdotal History of Optics - Taylor Optics Timelines Timeline in Optics - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Optics Timeline - Bilkent University Science Fair Projects and Experiments Optics Projects Sun & Light Projects Michelson-Morley: Detecting The Ether Wind Experiment The Discovery of the Spectrum of Light Light Energy Effects on Matter: Elementary School Experiments Fiber Optics: Refraction & Total Internal Reflection General Optics Resources Color Theory - worqx.com Optics for Kids I OpticsForTeens - Optical Society of America (OSA) Optics for Kids Science, Optics and You - Florida State University Atmospheric Optics Related Subjects Microscopes Telescopes |
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